Tuesday, May 29, 2018

Natural Morality or "School Morality?"


Ano ba naman ito? Our morality came from our school that was influenced by our religion? Para naman sinabi na bago nakapasok ng Grade 1 eh wala tayong moralidad? Have the OP forgotten that our first school was our home and our first teacher was our parents. Have he forgotten those young Jose Rizal stiories which tells us how Dona Alonzon teached young Pepe about morality? Surely that's where we get our morals before our schools.


Also, have he forgotten the concept of natural moral law? (O baka hindi lang nya talaga alam?)

According to Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274) on his “Summa Theologica," "Humans are capable of discerning the difference between good and evil because they have a conscience. Thus, humans are morally obliged to use their reasoning to discern what the laws are and then to act in conformity with them."

Thomas Aquinas was talking about natural moral laws. He never said that our concience came from schools. He said it is natural for humans to have it. He explained that Natural Moral Laws is known to us in part not only by revelation but also by the operations of our reason. The law of nature, which is “nothing else than the participation of the eternal law in the rational creature,” thus comprises those precepts that humankind is able to formulate—namely, the preservation of one's own good, the fulfillment of “those inclinations which nature has taught to all animals,” and the pursuit of the knowledge of God. Human law must be the particular application of natural moral law.

When we speak about natural moral law, some non-believers seems to agree with it...minus God of course. Charles Darwin (1809-1882) believed on it.

He believed that human beings have a natural “moral sense” that instructs them about right and wrong. Darwin claimed that man’s social instincts arise out of his biology, and that these social instincts “naturally lead to the golden rule, ‘As ye would that men should do to you, do ye to them likewise.’” For Darwin, this maxim “lies at the foundation of morality.” According to Darwin, then, it would seem that evolution ultimately promotes the morality of Jesus rather than the law of the jungle. [Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981), vol. I, p. 106.]

The 17th-century Dutch jurist Hugo Grotius (1583-1645) believed that humans by nature are not only reasonable but social. Thus the rules that are "natural" to them -- those dictated by reason alone -- are those which enable them to live in harmony with one another. Grotius insisted on the validity of the natural law “even if we were to suppose…that God does not exist or is not concerned with human affairs.” From this argument, Grotius developed the first comprehensive theory of international law. 

Charles-Louis de Secondat Montesquieu (1689–1755) argued that natural laws were presocial and superior to those of religion and the state, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–78) postulated a savage who was virtuous in isolation and actuated by two principles “prior to reason”: self-preservation and compassion (innate repugnance to the sufferings of others).

John Locke (1632-1704) argued that human beings knew moral law even in the State of Nature (his natural state). He said, "Reason, which is the law, teaches all mankind who will but consult it, that, being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty and profession." Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) used the natural law theory to justify his trinity of "inalienable rights" which were stated in the United States Declaration of Independence.

So contrary to what the post was saying, we don't get our morals from our schools (influenced by religion.) We already have an idea of morality even before we entered Kindergarten or Grade School or we started reading those holy scriptures and uttered our first prayers. As a toddler, we already know what will make Mama or Papa angry or happy - that's our first idea of morality. Those we learn from school and religion only increases our ideas about morality - They only gave us a new perspective on what we already know as good or bad.

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