Islam Scientific Claims... Fictions vs. Facts

Fiction: 

Fact: The Qur'an was dictated by Allah to Muhammad (according to the legend) in 609 CE.  However, Eratosthenes of Cyrene (276 BCE – c. 195/194 BCE) already knows that the Earth was a sphere and even calculated it with reasonable accuracy (just by using 2 sticks). Also, most Greek scholars by the time of Aristotle (384–322 BCE) already agreed that Earth was a sphere (see: Arist. Cael. 297 b25-298 a8) The Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher Thales already knows that too. In fact, Cicero attributed to Thales the earliest construction of a solid celestial globe (Rep. I.XIII.22).

Allah and Muhammad were too late for the claim.

Fiction:

Facts: Luckily for us, this was already known before Muhammad. Aristotle (384-322 BCE) for example understood that the light coming from the moon was reflected light from the Sun. 

Anaxagoras (510 – 428 BCE)  a Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, was the first to explain that the moon shines due to reflected light from the Sun. He believed that the sun is a mass of fiery metal, and the moon is an earthy lump (with no light of its own). That's even before Aristotle.

Fiction:

Fact: The Greeks also beat Allah and Muhammad for that claim. Thales of Miletus (624 – c. 546 BCE) originally said that. According to Thales, 'it' is the nature, the archê, the originating principle. For Thales, this nature was a single material substance, water.